Figures
1-7 show the 1979 – 1998 budget histories for the National
Science Foundation's Mesoscale Dynamic Meteorology and Meteorology/Physical
Meteorology divisions, their 1980 – 1998 budgets as multiples
of their 1979 budgets, the budget history for these two divisions
combined, the budget history for the two divisions as multiples
of the 1979 combined budgets, and the relative percentages of
1998 expenditures that each division represents.
The Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services
and Supporting Research (OFCM) publishes an annual Federal Plan
summarizing federal meteorological services and supporting research
for federal agencies involved with operational weather forecasting.
Figures 8-19 show
the 1979 – 1998 budget histories of six main OFCM agencies and
their 1980 – 1998 budgets as multiples of their 1979 budgets.
Figure 20 is a
pie chart showing the five largest OFCM agencies as relative percentages
of the overall 1998 OFCM budget.
Figures 21-23
show the 1979-1998 budget histories of federal research and operations,1980
– 1998 research and operations expenditures as multiples of 1979
budgets, and research and operations as relative percentages of
the total 1998 weather budget. Figure
24 shows the relative percentage of the 1979-98 weather budgets
by research and by operations. We define "research" to include
OFCM supporting research, NSF's Mesoscale Dynamic Meteorology
and Meteorology/Physical Meteorology divisions, and the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Mesoscale and Microscale
Meteorology Program. "Operations" is defined in terms of the OFCM's
definition.
Figures 25-26
show total federal weather expenditures FY 1979 – 1998 and as
multiples of the 1979 budgets. Included are agencies listed in
OFCM's Federal Plans, NSF's Mesoscale Dynamic Meteorology and
Meteorology/Physical Meteorology divisions, and NCAR's Mesoscale
and Microscale Meteorology Program.
Since 1965, the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological
Services and Supporting Research (OFCM) has developed a federal
plan that articulates the provision of meteorological services
and supporting research by agencies of the federal government.
This year’s plan provides Congress and the Executive Branch with
a comprehensive document that documents proposed programs for
FY 2001 and reviews agency programs in Fiscal Year (FY) 2000.
Narratives, timelines, and schedules are current as of June 2000.
The Federal Plan documents proposed federal meteorological operations
and supporting research costs by agency for FY 2000 and reviews
agency programs in FY 1999. Narratives, timelines, and schedules
are current as of June 1999.
The Atmospheric Sciences Program supports research to add new
understanding of the behavior of the earth's atmosphere and its
interactions with the sun.
4. Other Weather-Related Activities (disaster
assistance, etc.) 104th Congress, 1st Session. U.S. Senate
Bipartisan Task Force on Funding Disaster Relief. Federal Disaster
Assistance. March 15, 1995. Document No. 104-4. See table IV-1.
FEMA is an independent agency of the federal government that
reports to the President. FEMA's mission is "to reduce loss of
life and property and protect our nation's critical infrastructure
from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, risk-based,
emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness response
and recovery."
The USGCRP provides the foundation for increasing the skill
of predictions of seasonal-to-interannual climate fluctuations
(which can bring excessively wet and dry periods) and long-term
climate change. This file is in.pdf format; you will need ACROBAT
to read this file.
OFCM is an interdepartmental office established in response to concerns in Congress and the Executive Office of the President about the adequacy of coordination of federal meteorological activities. Its mission is to ensure the effective use of federal meteorological resources by leading the systematic coordination of operational weather requirements and services, and supporting research, among the federal agencies. The following federal departments and agencies engaged in meteorological activities participate in the OFCM's coordination and cooperation infrastructure. Links to their weather-related programs are included.
In cooperation with its partners and customers, CSREES provides
the focus to advance a global system of research, extension and
higher education in the food and agricultural sciences and related
environmental and human sciences to benefit people, communities,
and the nation.
The JAWF is jointly operated by the USDA and National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Its mission is to routinely
collect global weather data and agricultural information to determine
the impact of growing-season weather conditions on crops and livestock
production prospects.
The mission of the NWCC is to lead the development and transfer
of water and climate information, as well as technology which
supports natural resource conservation.
The WAOB coordinates weather, climate, and remote sensing work
among USDA agencies, and monitors and analyzes the impact of global
weather on agriculture.
This NOAA office provides a pool of professionals trained in
engineering, earth sciences, oceanography, meteorology, fisheries
science, and other related disciplines who serve in the National
Ocean Service (NOS), National Weather Service (NWS), National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
(OAR) and National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service (NESDIS).
As the principal advocate for coastal and ocean stewardship,
the NOS develops the national foundation for coastal and ocean
science, management, response, restoration, and navigation.
OAR, the primary research arm of NOAA, conducts and directs
research in atmospheric, coastal, marine, and space sciences through
its own laboratories and programs and through networks of university-based
programs.
The DMSP is a program run by the Air Force Space and Missile
Systems Center. DMSP designs, builds, launches, and maintains
several near-polar orbiting, sun-synchronous satellites monitoring
the meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics
environments.
The mission of NMOC is to collect, interpret and apply global
meteorological and oceanographic data and information for safety
at sea, strategic and tactical warfare and weapons system design,
development and deployment.
This page provides links to several DOE programs that have weather-related components: the Field Research Division, the Special Operations Research Division, the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, and the Air Resource Laboratory.
ARM Program scientists collect and analyze data obtained over extended periods of time from large arrays of
instruments to study the effects and interactions of sunlight, radiant energy, and clouds on temperature, weather, and climate.
The ASTG conducts research to increase our understanding of meteorological, chemical, physical and thermodynamic processes and phenomena in the troposphere.
AWOS is a suite of sensors which measure, collect, and disseminate weather data to help meteorologists, pilots, and flight dispatchers prepare and monitor weather forecasts, plan flight routes, and provide necessary information for correct takeoffs and landings.
EOSDIS manages data from NASA's science research satellites and field measurement programs, command-and-control satellites and instruments, and generates useful products.
ASOS is a joint effort of the NWS, FAA, and DOD. ASOS systems are the nation's primary surface weather observing network. ASOS supports weather forecast activities and aviation operations, as well as the needs of the meteorological, hydrological, and climatological research communities.
FEMA is an independent agency of the federal government that reports to the President. Since its founding in 1979, FEMA's mission has been clear: to reduce loss of life and property and protect our nation's critical infrastructure from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, risk-based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness response and recovery.
Mitigation is the ongoing effort to lessen the impact disasters have on people and property. It involves keeping homes away from floodplains and enforcing effective building codes to protect property from hurricanes.
The NFIP makes federally backed flood insurance available to communities that agree to adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances to reduce future flood damage.
If your farming or ranching operation has suffered a loss due to a natural disaster, you may be eligible for assistance under one or more of the following FSA programs: The Emergency Conservation Program (ECP), The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), Emergency Loan (EM) Assistance, or Emergency Haying and Grazing Assistance.
The Corps of Engineers offers disaster preparedness, advance
measures to alleviate flood threats, flood fighting, rescue
and emergency relief efforts during ongoing flood events, and
rehabilitation of flood control and federally authorized shore
protection works which have been damaged by flood or coastal
storms.
The Federal Response Plan describes the basic methodology
by which the Federal government will mobilize resources and
conduct activities to assist States in coping with the consequences
of significant disasters.
The USGCRP provides the foundation to increase the skill of predictions of seasonal-to-interannual climate fluctuations (which can bring excessively wet and dry periods) and long-term climate change. The USGCRP also sponsors research to understand the vulnerabilities to changes in important environmental factors, including changes in climate, ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface, and land cover.
Tornadoes: Understanding, Modeling, and Forecasting Supercell Storms - June 16, 1999
Chairman Ken Calvert | Chairman Nick Smith | Howard Bluestein | Jerry Costello | Dennis McCarthy | Roger Wakimoto | Morris Weisman
Fiscal Year 2000 Budget Authorization Request: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - February 24, 1999
Chairman Ken Calvert | Dr. D. James Baker | Mr. Joel Willemsen | Dr. Richard Anthes
Here Comes La Nina: What to Expect From the Weather in the Winter of 1998-99 - October 2, 1998
Chairman Ken Calvert | D. James Baker | Dr. I Miley Gonzalez | Charles Kennel
Fiscal Year 1999 Budget Authorization Requests: Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency Research and Development and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Outside Witnesses - March 25, 1998
Chairman Calvert's Opening Statement | Joe Colvin | Donald Klass | Joel Myers | Scott Sklar | Fred Smith
FY99 Budget Authorization Request: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - March 4, 1998
Chairman Calvert's Opening Statement | James Baker | Joel Willemssen
Preparing for El Niño - September 11, 1997
Michael Armstrong | Tim Barnett | I. Miley Gonzales | J. Michael Hall | Andrew Solow | Douglas Wheeler
Fiscal Year 1998 Budget Authorization Request: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and H.R. 437: Marine Resources Revitalization Act of 1997- March 13, 1997
Chairman Calvert's Opening Statement | Dr. D. James Baker (NOAA and Sea Grant Testimony)| Frank DeGeorge | Joel C. Willemssen
Hearing on Fiscal Year 1998 Budget Authorization Request: Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Research and Development, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - April 9, 1997
Chairman Calvert's Opening Statement | Anna Aurilio | David Baldwin | Ralph DeGennaro | Christopher D'Elia | Michael Leavitt | Aris Melissaratos |
Scott Sklar | David Smith | Fred Smith | Jerry Taylor
GAO examination of the Federal Aviation
Administration's (FAA) efforts to implement the weather-related
recommendations made by the National Research Council (NRC) and FAA's
advisory committee, focusing on: (1) policy and leadership; (2)
interagency coordination; (3) meeting different types of users' needs
for weather information; and (4) the level of funding provided for
weather activities.
GAO discussion of the status of
the National Weather Service (NWS) systems modernization; and most
cost-effective alternatives for acquiring the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) marine data.
GAO discussion of audit of the National Weather
Service's (NWS) Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS),
the linchpin of NWS' $4.5-billion modernization program; its report
concerning the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's (NOAA)
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system, which
plays a vital role in weather forecasting; and findings from its
report on the NOAA Commissioned Corps, relating to issues involving
Corps officers' receiving military pay, allowances, and benefits.
GAO discussion of its work regarding
the events surrounding the fiscal year (FY) 1997 budget of the National
Weather Service (NWS) and continuing risks of systems modernization.
GAO review of proposed staffing cuts
at the National Weather Service (NWS), focusing on the NWS analysis: (1)
supporting the planned closure of its southern regional headquarters
office; and (2) of alternative plans for maintaining its current
regional structure of four mainland offices.
GAO review of the key events related
to the fiscal year (FY) 1997 budget shortfall of the National Weather
Service (NWS), focusing on: (1) the formulation and execution of the
NWS' FY 1997 budget; and (2) key events regarding NWS' FY 1997 budget
shortfall and efforts to address it.
Discussion of recommendations GAO made in its February 1996 testimony on the National Weather Service's (NWS)
Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System, the cornerstone of NWS'
$4.5 billion modernization program.
GAO review of the National Weather
Service's (NWS) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), focusing on:
(1) the extent to which NWS has addressed ASOS operational problems; (2)
the costs of resolving these operational problems; and (3) whether NWS
plans for enhancing ASOS are reasonable.
This report provides an overview of NASA, including a brief description of the Space Act of 1958, a short summary of NASA's historical activities, a description of the agency's current organization and field centers, a breakdown of its FY1998 appropriations and FY1999 request, and a discussion of the agency's future budget prospects. A table summarizing the FY1997 and FY1998 appropriations and the FY1998 request also is included.
This report provides a general overview of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and a summary of major issues of possible legislative concern for the 106th Congress, including National Weather Service modernization, the state of NOAA's research infrastructure, environmental data quality, NOAA partnerships with public and private entities, and new research initiatives in the FY2000 request.
MTPE provides scientific information so policymakers and scientists can formulate strategies to mitigate human impacts on Earth's environment, such as ozone depletion, deforestation, and possible global warming.
Industrial Meteorology is responsible for planning and developing efficient and effective external relations programs and policies relating to NOAA commercial weather support.
A list of private sector meteorologists and private weather service companies that provide commercial agricultural weather services and/or basic forecasting services which could serve non-Federal wildfire support purposes.
The BOM's mission is to observe and understand Australian weather and climate and provide meteorological and other services in support of Australia's national needs and international obligations.
ECMWF is an international organization supported by 18 European states. ECMWF develops methods for medium-range weather forecasting, prepares medium-range forecasts, conducts research to improve forecasts, and collects and stores meteorological data.
MetService gathers, analyzes, and provides weather information for the public of New Zealand and for a wide range of domestic and foreign commercial customers.
