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PUBLICATIONID : 51930
PUBLICATIONTYPE : 1
TYPE : Article
TITLE : Creating usable science: Opportunities and constraints for climate knowledge use and their implications for science policy
ORIG_TITLE : Creating usable science: Opportunities and constraints for climate knowledge use and their implications for science policy
AUTHOR : Dilling, L and MC Lemos
FIRST_AUTHOR : Dilling, L and MC Lemos
AUTHOR_COUNT : 1
ADDRESS : [Dilling, Lisa] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Dilling, Lisa] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Lemos, Maria Carmen] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
PUBLISHER : ELSEVIER SCI LTD
FIRSTAUTHOREMPLOYER : 1
ABBREV_JOURNAL : Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens.
BEGINPAGE : 680
ENDPAGE : 689
VOLUME : 21
ISSUE : 2
PUBLISH_DATE : MAY
YEAR : 2011
URL : http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/admin/publication_files/2010.40.pdf
REFEREED : 1
RESOURCE : WOS:000292177500037
CITATION : 11
DEPT : CSTPR
LAST_UPDATED : 2013-02-05 10:50:27
ISSN : 0959-3780
IDS : 784SC
DOI : 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.006
ABSTRACT : In the past several decades, decision makers in the United States have increasingly called upon publicly funded science to provide 'usable' information for policy making, whether in the case of acid rain, famine prevention or climate change policy. As demands for usability become more prevalent for publicly accountable scientific programs, there is a need to better understand opportunities and constraints to science use in order to inform policy design and implementation. Motivated by recent critique of the decision support function of the US Global Change Research Program, this paper seeks to address this issue by specifically examining the production and use of climate science. It reviews empirical evidence from the rich scholarship focused on climate science use, particularly seasonal climate forecasts, to identify factors that constrain or foster usability. It finds, first, that climate science usability is a function both of the context of potential use and of the process of scientific knowledge production itself. Second, nearly every case of successful use of climate knowledge involved some kind of iteration between knowledge producers and users. The paper argues that, rather than an automatic outcome of the call for the production of usable science, iterativity is the result of the action of specific actors and organizations who 'own' the task of building the conditions and mechanisms fostering its creation. Several different types of institutional arrangements can accomplish this task, depending on the needs and resources available. While not all of the factors that enhance usability of science for decision making are within the realm of the scientific enterprise itself, many do offer opportunities for improvement. Science policy mechanisms such as the level of flexibility afforded to research projects and the metrics used to evaluate the outcomes of research investment can be critical to providing the necessary foundation for iterativity and production of usable science to occur. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS : Science policy; Climate change; Seasonal climate forecasting; USGCRP; Co-production of science and policy
KEYWORD_PLUS : NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CHANGE RESEARCH-PROGRAM; 1997-98 EL-NINO; DECISION-MAKING; WATER MANAGEMENT; SCIENTIFIC-INFORMATION; DROUGHT FORECASTS; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; UNITED-STATES; LESSONS
AREA : Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography
FIRST_AUTHOR_EMAIL : ldilling@colorado.edu
PUBLICATION : GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
PLACE : OXFORD
LANGUAGE : English
SERIAL : 51930
PAGES : 680-689
APPROVED : yes
ONLINE_PUBLICATION : no
VERSION : 1
FIRST_AUTHOR_ADDRESS : Dilling, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, 1333 Grandview Ave,UCB 0488, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
AUTHOR_OTHER_FORM : Dilling, Lisa; Lemos, Maria Carmen
FUNDING : NSF[0345604]; CIRES
FUNDING_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT : We thank Rebecca Morss, Rad Byerly, Andrea Ray, Christine Kirchhoff, Owen Johns, Shannon McNeeley, and three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments which greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by NSF Grant No.0345604 for the Science Policy Assessment and Research on Climate (SPARC) project and by a CIRES Visiting Fellowship to LD. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
REFERENCES_NUM : 92
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PUBLISHER_ADDRESS : THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
COUNT : 1
Entered by : Lisa Dilling